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Amazon Kindle has the largest eBook collection in the world, with the most complicated eBook format mechanism. In most of other eBook stores, we usually get only two formats: EPUB and PDF. While in Amazon Kindle, we can see KFX, KCR, AZW, AZW3, PRC, Mobi, Topaz, and more...

Although a Kindle book can be delivered as any of these formats and they almost look the same, there is difference among them. The difference may be slight, but we can't ignore it.

Here is a detailed introduction and explaination about these Kindle formats.

If you are interested in the ebook formats beyond the Kindle books, just read eBook formats explain 2020.

KFX

KFX is the latest format of Amazon Kindle. To get this format of file you must have an E-Ink Kindle device, and the book should have the 'Enhanced Typesettings' property (you can find this property in Amazon product page).

KFX is the successor of AZW6, it's even not a real eBook file. You can see it as a downloader. It downloads all the stuff of a book into your Kindle, regardless of texts or images.

So there is no change at all if you convert a KFX file to another format or decrypt a KFX file.

However, you have alternative solution to convert KFX to EPUB/PDF/Mobi/AZW3.

KCR

If you downloaded a Kindle book via Kindle for Mac v 1.25.2 (and above), it's likely you will get a .kcr file. For now there isn't so much info about this eBooks format introduction.

Kindle .kcr is treated as the new Kindle KFX (new format, with new drm protection technology). For more info, you can read this guide How to Remove DRM from KCR and Convert KCR to PDF.

AZW

AZW is the most popular format for Amazon Kindle books. It might stand for Amazon Word, but Amazon hasn't officially confirmed that yet.

If we sync the purchased Kindle books to local computer via Kindle for PC/Mac, the synced books are usually saved in .azw format and protected by Kindle DRM.

If an AZW file's DRM protection is eliminated, it can be directly converted to EPUB/PDF while keeping the file complete and read by any ebook reader you have.

To convert AZW to PDF/EPUB is pretty simple. Just make sure the files are downloaded via Kindle for PC/Mac, and then use AZW Converter to handle them, no extra job is required.

Here is a brief guide: Best AZW Converter-Convert Kindle AZW to PDF/EPUB.

AZW3 (KF8)

AZW3 is a variation of AZW and also known as KF8 (Kindle Format8). It was released by Amazon in 2011 along with the release of Kindle Fire. At beginning it was only supported by Kindle Fire tablet, but later expanded to Kindle 4th generation and Kindle for PC/Mac.

Compared to AZW or Mobi, it is more advanced by supporting more styles, fonts and layouts. And it becomes a trend that AZW3 is gradually replacing Mobi.

Nowadays Kindle books directly downloaded to recent generations E-Ink Kindle are usually saved as AZW3 format and protected by DRM. And some AZW files synced by Kindle for PC/Mac would also turn to AZW3 after the DRM protection is removed.

If you want to strip the DRM from AZW3 files downloaded on E-Ink Kindle, please read: How to Remove DRM From AZW3 eBook Files.

PRC and Mobi

When a PRC file and a Mobi file are DRM-free, they're almost the same thing. But when they are protected by DRM, they're totally different.

If a purchased Kindle book is downloaded to Android device or synced by Kindle for Android app, the format would be PRC. Since Kindle Fire tablets also belong to Android devices, the books downloaded to Kindle Fire tablets would also be saved as PRC format.

Mobi is actually not an independent format. It can be viewed as the mixture of prc and azw3. The ebook html content is saved as 2 formats in a mobi file after processed twice, one is in prc format and the other is in azw3 format. The file format is compatible in the early Kindle ereaders which can be rendered greatly on these devices.

In this post, you can know how to remove DRM from Kindle Android books: PRC DRM Removal for Kindle Android Books.

Nowadays most Mobi books are DRM-free, but once Amazon transforms them to AZW or AZW3, they are protected by DRM.

Topaz (TPZ, or AZW1)

Generally speaking, all the formats above are basically generated upon Mobi and AZW, but the Topaz, or the variations TPZ and AZW1, are pretty different. And the difference mainly lies in the file structure and database.

The Topaz files are always DRM-free. When they are protected by Kindle DRM, they would change to TPZ or AZW1.

If a Topaz book is synced via Kindle's Whispersync, it becomes AZW1; if it is directly downloaded from website, it becomes TPZ.

Remove DRM from TPZ/AZW1 books are the same as from AZW, so you can also read this guide: Remove DRM from Amazon Kindle TPZ, AZW1, Topaz files.

What about the HTMLZ? It is just a zip archive of HTML files.

AZW6

AZW6 files are very rare. They mainly appear in Japan Kindle store's manga books.

An AZW6 file only contains texts. All the images in the book are saved in the related folder. So if you convert an AZW6 book to another format, all the images will be lost, as they are not contained in the book file.

Imagine you buy a Kindke AZW6 book (you don't know its format before buying) in a place with poor WiFi network, then this book will download low quality images, you needn't wait a long time to start reading the book. When you go to a place with strong WiFi, Kindle will download high quality images to replace those low quality images automatically.

EPUB

All the above digital ebook formats are exclusive to Amazon Kindle eReaders, however, there're formats not supported by Kindle but are very common and popular. Developed by International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF), Epub is an open format based on XML/XHTML.

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As the most commonly-used format, Epub is widely used by a large number of retailers /devices including Kobo eReader, BlackBerry devices, Apple's iBooks app running on Macintosh computers and iOS devices, Google Books app running on Android and iOS devices, Barnes & Noble Nook, Amazon Kindle Fire, Sony Reader, BeBook, Bookeen Cybook Gen3 , COOL-ER, Adobe Digital Editions, Lexcycle Stanza, BookGlutton, AZARDI, FBReader, PocketBook eReader, Aldiko, CoolReader, Mantano Reader, Moon+ Reader, the Mozilla Firefox add-on EPUBReader, Lucifox, Lucidor, Okular and other reading apps.

Incorporating HTML4 and CSS2 technology, EPUB features all kinds of formating, even video and audio can be embbeded into epub files. Adobe Digital Editions uses EPUB formatting and it adopts Adobe adept DRM mechanism.

To convert ebooks to EPUB or convert EPUB to other formats, here is the guide: Best EPUB Converter Download for All eBook Formats (With Steps).

PDF

Portable Document Format (PDF) is the most widely used file format which is created by Adobe. Except Amazon Kindle, almost all other retailers/devices support PDF files. eBooks in PDF format are usually protected by Adobe adept DRM or the proprietary DRM adopted by the specific retailers.

There're many privileges of PDF that other formats can't compete with. PDF files can preserve and retain the original formatting of file. The display effect preserves when reading a PDF on different devices or platforms. PDF files are designed to deliver content suit for A4 or letter scale. Content in PDF is not relowable, so there might be problematic when reading PDF in a handheld device. It can provide the best display effect when reading on computers, but it's not a good idea to read PDF files with small screens in most mobile eReaders.

If you've got some ebooks in PDF format and want to read them on Kindle eReaders, cellphones or tables, you'd better convert PDF to Mobi or Epub format.

For extended reading, please refer to Best PDF to EPUB Converter--Convert PDF files to EPUB format, or How to Send PDF to Kindle.

Reading Support Table for Kindle Formats

v: files in this format can be read on the device or with the app

×: files in this format cannot be read on the device or with the app

O: users actually read the prc content within the mobi files

Kindle for iOS can only read files with extension of azw and mobi.

Kindle for Android can read files with extension of prc, azw, azw3 and mobi. kfx files are also supported as long as the files are placed in Kindle directory of Android File Manager.

Devices/apps that can read kfx files:

1.Kindle eReaders with firmware upgraded to 5.8,for example Paperwhite2, Paperwhite3, Voyage, Oasis (the file extension must be kfx)

2.Kindle for PC and Kindle for MAC, upgrading to the latest version is recommended

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3.Kindle for Android, upgrading to the latest version is recommended (the file extension must be kfx)

What's the best eBook format for Kindle?

When asked about what's the best eBook format for Kindle, usually I will say I don't know.

1. Kindle can't read ePub. But we all know that nearly 3/4 eBook stores use EPUB such as iBooks, Google.

2. Kindle supports PDF. But the fact is that the PDF reading on Kindle device is really very, very poor.

3. Books we bought from Amazon Kindle store are in KFX, Mobi or AZW (azw3) format.

We can't avoid buying epub or pdf format eBooks, and we can't (and in fact there is no need to) buy all those main popular reading devices at hand. So talking about which one is the best is meaningless. The perfect solution is to use Epubor Ultimate, an eBook Converter tool to help you convert eBooks formats between Kindle Mobi and ePub, PDF with high quality.

Tips: Of course, you can use Calibre as it's really a powerful and free ebook management tool. Epubor Ultimate is a good alternative to calibre because it's easier to use with a clean interface. And you can get customer support whenever you meet problems.

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Jonny Greenwood joined Epubor since 2011, loves everything about eBooks and eReaders. He seeks the methods to read eBooks more freely and wants to share all he has got with you.